| Drug Name |
Empagliflozin |
| Drug ID |
BADD_D00765 |
| Description |
Empagliflozin is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), the transporters primarily responsible for the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney.[A203453] It is used clinically as an adjunct to diet and exercise, often in combination with other drug therapies,[L13673,L13679,L11479] for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.[L13688]
The first known inhibitor of SGLTs, phlorizin, was isolated from the bark of apple trees in 1835 and researched extensively into the 20th century, but was ultimately deemed inappropriate for clinical use given its lack of specificity and significant gastrointestinal side effects.[A203501] Attempts at overcoming these limitations first saw the development of O-glucoside analogs of phlorizin (e.g. [remogliflozin etabonate]), but these molecules proved relatively pharmacokinetically unstable. The development of C-glucoside phlorizin analogs remedied the issues observed in the previous generation, and led to the FDA approval of [canagliflozin] in 2013 and both [dapagliflozin] and empagliflozin in 2014.[A203501] As the most recently approved of the "flozin" drugs, empagliflozin carries the highest selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1 (approximately 2700-fold). |
| Indications and Usage |
Empagliflozin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. It is also indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adult patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease.[L13688]
Empagliflozin is also available as a combination product with either metformin[L13679] and linagliptin[L13673] as an adjunct to diet and exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults.
An extended-release combination product containing empagliflozin, metformin, and linagliptin was approved by the FDA in January 2020 for the improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus when used adjunctively with diet and exercise.[L11479]
Empagliflozin is also approved to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in adults with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction[L13688] regardless of whether or not the patient has concomitant diabetes.
Empagliflozin is not approved for use in patients with type 1 diabetes. |
| Marketing Status |
approved |
| ATC Code |
A10BK03 |
| DrugBank ID |
DB09038
|
| KEGG ID |
D10459
|
| MeSH ID |
C570240
|
| PubChem ID |
11949646
|
| TTD Drug ID |
D06ALD
|
| NDC Product Code |
42765-016; 69037-0029; 69766-052; 76072-1015; 49629-033; 64220-203; 69766-036; 70518-2447; 82891-005; 50090-4384; 50090-4492; 51869-0015; 65727-085; 71796-048; 50090-6457; 0597-0153; 67835-0024; 50090-6452; 59651-179; 55154-0411; 0597-0152; 12714-201; 49629-034; 71796-001; 55154-0412; 71610-177; 71901-608; 73309-389 |
| UNII |
HDC1R2M35U
|
| Synonyms |
empagliflozin | 1-chloro-4-(glucopyranos-1-yl)-2-(4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)benzyl)benzene | BI 10773 | BI10773 | BI-10773 | Jardiance |
