| Pharmaceutical Information |
| Drug Name |
Leuprolide monoacetate |
| Drug ID |
BADD_D01261 |
| Description |
Leuprolide is a synthetic 9-residue peptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Unlike the endogenous decapeptide GnRH, leuprolide contains a single D-amino acid (D-leucyl) residue, which helps to increase its circulating half-life from three to four minutes to approximately three hours.[A203222] As a GnRH mimic, leuprolide is capable of binding to the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) and inducing downstream modulation of both gonadotropin hormone and sex steroid levels. Prolonged activation of GnRHR results in significant downregulation of sex steroid levels, which is primarily responsible for the clinical efficacy of leuprolide in diverse conditions, including advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, and central precocious puberty.[A203126, A203132]
Leuprolide was first approved in 1985 as a daily subcutaneous injection under the tradename Lupron™ by Abbvie Endocrine Inc.[L13850] Since this initial approval, various long-acting intramuscular and subcutaneous products have been developed such that patients can be dosed once every six months.[L13781, L13790] Leuprolide remains frontline therapy in all conditions for which it is indicated for use. |
| Indications and Usage |
Leuprolide is indicated for the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer[L13781, L13790] as well as for the treatment of pediatric patients with central precocious puberty (CPP).[L13784, L13787] Leuprolide mesylate, as an injectable emulsion, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced prostate cancer.[L34415] In combination with oral [norethisterone] (also known as norethindrone), leuprolide is also indicated for the initial treatment of the symptoms of endometriosis.[L10310] Finally, in combination with iron supplementation, leuprolide is indicated for the preoperative hematological improvement of anemic patients with uterine leiomyomata (uterine fibroids).[L13814] |
| Marketing Status |
approved; investigational |
| ATC Code |
L02AE02 |
| DrugBank ID |
DB00007
|
| KEGG ID |
D08113; D00989
|
| MeSH ID |
D016729
|
| PubChem ID |
657180
|
| TTD Drug ID |
D0U5FF
|
| NDC Product Code |
35207-0007; 41524-0006; 60870-0472; 60870-0471; 69448-014 |
| UNII |
37JNS02E7V
|
| Synonyms |
Leuprolide | Leuprorelin | Enantone | Leuprolide Acetate | Acetate, Leuprolide | Leuprolide Monoacetate | Monoacetate, Leuprolide | Leuprolide, (L-Leu)-Isomer | Lupron | TAP-144 | TAP 144 | TAP144 | A-43818 | A 43818 | A43818 | Leuprolide, (DL-Leu)-Isomer |
|
| Chemical Information |
| Molecular Formula |
C61H88N16O14 |
| CAS Registry Number |
74381-53-6 |
| SMILES |
CCNC(=O)C1CCCN1C(=O)C(CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC2=CC=C(
C=C2)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC3=CNC4=CC=CC=C43)NC(=O)C(CC5=CN=CN5)NC(=O)C6CCC(=O)N
6.CC(=O)O |
| Chemical Structure |
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| ADRs Induced by Drug |
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