| Drug Name |
Ivermectin |
| Drug ID |
BADD_D01221 |
| Description |
Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic antiparasitic medication derived from avermectins, a class of highly-active broad-spectrum antiparasitic agents isolated from the fermentation products of _Streptomyces avermitilis_.[L31453] Ivermectin itself is a mixture of two avermectins, comprising roughly 90% 5-O-demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin A1a (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a) and 10% 5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-22,23-dihydro-25-(1-methylethyl)avermectin A1a (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b).[L31453]
Ivermectin is mainly used in humans in the treatment of onchocerciasis, but may also be effective against other worm infestations (such as strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis and enterobiasis). Applied topically, it may be used in the treatment of head lice infestation.
With the advent of 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic, ivermectin began garnering notoriety due to its off-label use for the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. While studies are still ongoing, much of the evidence for ivermectin in COVID-19 relies on pre-print _in vitro_ data, and the clinical utility of this data remains unclear. Due to a number of factors - for example, the relatively low number of patients per trial and the speed at which these trials were conducted - studies on the use of ivermectin in COVID-19 have been fraught with statistical errors and accusations of plagiarism.[L36763,A238929] In addition, the use of aggregate patient data in large-scale meta-analyses (as opposed to individual patient data (IPD)) has been shown to disguise otherwise blatant data errors, such as extreme terminal digit bias and the duplication of blocks of patient records.[A238929]
Until high-quality, peer-reviewed data regarding both the safety and efficacy of ivermectin for COVID-19 in humans becomes available, the use of ivermectin for these purposes should be avoided in favour of thoroughly-vetted therapies (e.g. COVID-19 vaccines like [Comirnaty](https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB15696)). |
| Indications and Usage |
Administered topically, ivermectin cream is indicated for the treatment of inflammatory lesions associated with rosacea.[L36753] An over-the-counter ivermection lotion is commercially available and indicated for the topical treatment of head lice infestations in patients ≥6 months of age.[L36748]
Orally administered ivermectin is indicated as a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic for the treatment of intestinal strongyloidiasis caused by _Strongyloides stercoralis_ and onchocerciasis caused by _Onchocerca volvulus_.[L31453] Systemic ivermectin therapy is used internationally for the treatment of various tropical diseases, including filariasis, cutaneous larva migrans, and _Loa loa_ infection, amongst others.[A238298] |
| Marketing Status |
approved; investigational; vet_approved |
| ATC Code |
D11AX22; P02CF01 |
| DrugBank ID |
DB00602
|
| KEGG ID |
D00804
|
| MeSH ID |
D007559
|
| PubChem ID |
6321424
|
| TTD Drug ID |
D09YHJ
|
| NDC Product Code |
10695-052; 0299-3823; 0006-0032; 70771-1728; 58623-0047; 38779-2468; 50090-5587; 51927-5152; 60592-316; 68171-0001; 71052-225; 0591-4052; 72578-120; 51552-0619; 73377-144; 77382-0060; 0363-4230; 68071-2242; 0574-2107; 11822-4230; 42799-806; 63629-8754; 49885-0006; 77382-0100; 77382-0110; 24338-185; 51672-4230; 79903-154; 55018-121; 55018-221; 66405-0001; 51316-423 |
| UNII |
8883YP2R6D
|
| Synonyms |
Ivermectin | Stromectol | Mectizan | MK-933 | MK 933 | MK933 | Eqvalan | Ivomec |
